Tyler,
Sid has pointed you in the correct direction for doing your research.
When I made the move to saltwater 10 years ago, I did almost 3-4 months of reading and research BEFORE I even attempted to buy a tank and put water into it. I asked alot of questions from people who had saltwater tanks and visited forums like this. If there is one word that exemplifies a
successful saltwater tank it is:
PATIENCE.
I have seen too many hobbyists jump right in, buy a tank, fill it with water, then stock it with too many fish at once, then a couple weeks later, they want to know what is wrong with their fish. I second the motion in reading,
The Conscientious Marine Aquarist by Robert Fenner. I have this book and still use it as a reference book to this day. When you are ready to make your fish selection, may I suggest
Marine Fishes, 500+ Essential to Know Aquarium Species by Scott Michael. He gives a nice snapshot of every fish.
<Sorry for the rant, but I am passionate about this hobby and just want to make sure you succeed in it>
As far as equipment, it will depend on the type of system you want (ie, FO, FOWLR, Reef, etc...), but it general you will need the following items to get you started:
Tank
Protein Skimmer
Lights
Heater
Pumps
Powerheads
Stand/Canopy