Boomer
Well-known member
Steve
Have you had any encounters with Life Guard or know of anyone that has used it ?
http://www.junglelabs.com/pages/details.asp?item=TT102
http://www.jlaquatics.com/phpstore/store_pages/details/medicine.php?product_ID=md-aslg016
I ask as I had not seen it before and it came up on our RC chem forum.
This was my reply.
It contains : 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone.
I would not be putting it in any reef tank
Title: The Potential Use of N-Halamine Disinfectants for Disease Prevention and Treatment in Aquaculture: An Overview
Author
Delaney, Mary
Submitted to: Aquaculture America Conference
Publication Type: Abstract
Publication Acceptance Date: November 23, 2002
Publication Date: February 18, 2003
Citation: DELANEY, M.A. THE POTENTIAL USE OF N-HALAMINE DISINFECTANTS FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN AQUACULTURE: AN OVERVIEW. AQUACULTURE AMERICA CONFERENCE. 2003.
Technical Abstract: Many environmental stressors are associated with the intensive culture of fish. These include poor water quality, overcrowding, insufficient dissolved oxygen, rapid environmental changes, poor nutrition and poor handling practices. The stress induced by these environmental and management practices can result in reduced growth, poor feed conversion as well as increased susceptibility to disease. Outbreaks of most parasites and many bacteria, including Flavobacterium columnare can also follow stressful episodes and if not remedied disease can occur. Few therapeutants are available for the treatment of disease in fish populations, fewer still that will work in both fresh and saltwater. One class of compounds, N-halamines, originally developed as human drinking water disinfectants, has shown promise against external parasites and bacteria of both freshwater and marine fish. The compounds are 1,3-dichloro 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (DC) and 1-chloro 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (MC). N-halamine compounds are so named because of the presence of one or two chlorine atoms (halogens) attached to a carbon ring structure. The precursor of these compounds is a stabilizer of free chlorine or a chlorine adjuvant. The stabilizing action of the ring structure reduces the toxicity of the chlorine to the animal and prevents bromine substitution in saltwater applications. This presentation will provide an overview of the research conducted to date using these compounds in the treatment and prevention of diseases in fish and shellfish as well as providing an update on the progress made towards establishing an INAD.
Title: The Effectiveness of N-Halamine Disinfectant Compounds on Perkinsus Marinus, a Parasite of the Eastern Oyster
Crassostrea Virginica
Authors
Delaney, Mary
Brady, Y - AUBURN UNIVERSITY
Worley, S - AUBURN UNIV.
Huels, K - AUBURN UNIV.
Submitted to: Journal of Shellfish Research
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: December 7, 2002
Publication Date: June 20, 2003
Citation: DELANEY, M.A., BRADY, Y.J., WORLEY, S.D., HUELS, K.L. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF N-HALAMINE DISINFECTANT COMPOUNDS ON PERKINSUS MARINUS, A PARASITE OF THE EASTERN OYSTER CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA. JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH. 2003.
Interpretive Summary: The protozoan parasite commonly known as "Dermo" (Perkinsus marinus) has caused extensive mortality in Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations, especially along both the Gulf and East Coast of the United States. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a new class of compounds, N-halamines, on both survival and reproduction of this parasite in salt water. The two N-halamine compounds used are commonly called MC (1-chloro-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone) and DC (1,3-dichloro-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone). Both compounds kept these parasites from reproducing or eliminated them in saltwater at levels that will not harm larval oysters. These compounds have the potential to be used in oyster hatcheries to disinfect the incoming water as well as preventing the spread of the parasite throughout the hatchery.
Technical Abstract: The pathogenic protozoan Perkinsus marinus (Mackin, Owen and Collier) is the cause of extensive mortalities in Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, populations along both the Gulf and East Coasts of the United States. A series of experiments was undertaken to determine the effect of N-halamine disinfectants on this protozoan parasite. The organic N-halamine disinfectants, 1,3-dichloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (DC) and 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (MC), apparently damage the permeability of the parasites outer membrane and alter the osmoregulatory functions of the cell. Damaged parasites were unable to reproduce at concentrations as low as 5.0 mg/L total chlorine as DC at 8 hours exposure, or for the chemical MC at 5.0 mg/L at 12 hours exposure. The chemical compounds appear to lyse the larger meronts first, followed by lysis of the daughter spores. These studies strongly suggest that the chemical compounds DC and MC can be used to disinfect seawater allowing the production of specific pathogen-free stock in oyster hatcheries, as well as having the potential to prevent the spread of these parasites from contaminated oysters to uninfected oysters.
Here is more under the short name N-Hamalines, being you are a bacteria guy webbstock.
Effect of organic N-halamines on selected membrane functions in intact Staphylococcus aureus cells.
Authors Williams, D E,
Swango, L J,
Wilt, G R,
Worley, S D
Description Two N-halamine compounds, 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone and 1,3-dichloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone, were compared with free chlorine as to their effects on selected membrane functions of intact Staphylococcus aureus cells. Free chlorine was found to cause a loss of permeability control, as measured by the efflux of potassium from the cells and a dramatic increase in hydrogen ion permeability, and to affect cell respiration in a nonreversible fashion, as measured by oxygen uptake. The two N-halamines were found to have very little effect on permeability to either potassium or hydrogen ions but were both found to dramatically inhibit respiration in a reversible manner. It is proposed that the first step in the disinfection process by these N-halamines is an inhibition of respiratory enzymes that, if not reversed, ultimately leads to a loss of cell viability.
Bactericidal activities of selected organic N-halamines.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/ar...gi?artid=204062
The also use this stuff in the textile mills for bacteria
METHOD OF RETAINING ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES ON A BHALAMINE-TREATED TEXTILE SUBSTRATE WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY REDUCING DELETERIOUS ODOR AND SKIN IRRITATION EFFECTS
Abstract: This invention relates to antimicrobial fabrics which are treated with a specific durable and regenerable halamine/chlorine system and methods of removing residual active chlorine from the target textile surface without reducing the antimicrobial activity of the textile. Such methods comprise contacting an amine-treated fabric first with a halogen-based bleach (or other halogenated liquid) to produce halamines at the fabric surface, and subsequently washing the resultant halogenated fabric with a reducing agent which removes the residual, unbonded halogen (such as chlorine) from the fabric surface but does not, surprisingly, remove the halamine halogen. The remaining halamine halogen thus provides the desired antimicrobial activity. As a result, a method of substantially reducing fabric discoloration, odor, and potential skin irritation due to the presence of amounts of residual unbonded halogen (such as chlorine) on the target fabric surface is provided which simultaneously permits sufficient amounts of halamine halogen (such as chloramine chlorine) to remain on the target fabric for optimum microbiocidal propoerties. A fabric treated in accordance with this method is also provided.
Have you had any encounters with Life Guard or know of anyone that has used it ?
http://www.junglelabs.com/pages/details.asp?item=TT102
http://www.jlaquatics.com/phpstore/store_pages/details/medicine.php?product_ID=md-aslg016
I ask as I had not seen it before and it came up on our RC chem forum.
This was my reply.
It contains : 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone.
I would not be putting it in any reef tank
Title: The Potential Use of N-Halamine Disinfectants for Disease Prevention and Treatment in Aquaculture: An Overview
Author
Delaney, Mary
Submitted to: Aquaculture America Conference
Publication Type: Abstract
Publication Acceptance Date: November 23, 2002
Publication Date: February 18, 2003
Citation: DELANEY, M.A. THE POTENTIAL USE OF N-HALAMINE DISINFECTANTS FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN AQUACULTURE: AN OVERVIEW. AQUACULTURE AMERICA CONFERENCE. 2003.
Technical Abstract: Many environmental stressors are associated with the intensive culture of fish. These include poor water quality, overcrowding, insufficient dissolved oxygen, rapid environmental changes, poor nutrition and poor handling practices. The stress induced by these environmental and management practices can result in reduced growth, poor feed conversion as well as increased susceptibility to disease. Outbreaks of most parasites and many bacteria, including Flavobacterium columnare can also follow stressful episodes and if not remedied disease can occur. Few therapeutants are available for the treatment of disease in fish populations, fewer still that will work in both fresh and saltwater. One class of compounds, N-halamines, originally developed as human drinking water disinfectants, has shown promise against external parasites and bacteria of both freshwater and marine fish. The compounds are 1,3-dichloro 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (DC) and 1-chloro 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (MC). N-halamine compounds are so named because of the presence of one or two chlorine atoms (halogens) attached to a carbon ring structure. The precursor of these compounds is a stabilizer of free chlorine or a chlorine adjuvant. The stabilizing action of the ring structure reduces the toxicity of the chlorine to the animal and prevents bromine substitution in saltwater applications. This presentation will provide an overview of the research conducted to date using these compounds in the treatment and prevention of diseases in fish and shellfish as well as providing an update on the progress made towards establishing an INAD.
Title: The Effectiveness of N-Halamine Disinfectant Compounds on Perkinsus Marinus, a Parasite of the Eastern Oyster
Crassostrea Virginica
Authors
Delaney, Mary
Brady, Y - AUBURN UNIVERSITY
Worley, S - AUBURN UNIV.
Huels, K - AUBURN UNIV.
Submitted to: Journal of Shellfish Research
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: December 7, 2002
Publication Date: June 20, 2003
Citation: DELANEY, M.A., BRADY, Y.J., WORLEY, S.D., HUELS, K.L. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF N-HALAMINE DISINFECTANT COMPOUNDS ON PERKINSUS MARINUS, A PARASITE OF THE EASTERN OYSTER CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA. JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH. 2003.
Interpretive Summary: The protozoan parasite commonly known as "Dermo" (Perkinsus marinus) has caused extensive mortality in Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations, especially along both the Gulf and East Coast of the United States. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a new class of compounds, N-halamines, on both survival and reproduction of this parasite in salt water. The two N-halamine compounds used are commonly called MC (1-chloro-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone) and DC (1,3-dichloro-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone). Both compounds kept these parasites from reproducing or eliminated them in saltwater at levels that will not harm larval oysters. These compounds have the potential to be used in oyster hatcheries to disinfect the incoming water as well as preventing the spread of the parasite throughout the hatchery.
Technical Abstract: The pathogenic protozoan Perkinsus marinus (Mackin, Owen and Collier) is the cause of extensive mortalities in Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, populations along both the Gulf and East Coasts of the United States. A series of experiments was undertaken to determine the effect of N-halamine disinfectants on this protozoan parasite. The organic N-halamine disinfectants, 1,3-dichloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (DC) and 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (MC), apparently damage the permeability of the parasites outer membrane and alter the osmoregulatory functions of the cell. Damaged parasites were unable to reproduce at concentrations as low as 5.0 mg/L total chlorine as DC at 8 hours exposure, or for the chemical MC at 5.0 mg/L at 12 hours exposure. The chemical compounds appear to lyse the larger meronts first, followed by lysis of the daughter spores. These studies strongly suggest that the chemical compounds DC and MC can be used to disinfect seawater allowing the production of specific pathogen-free stock in oyster hatcheries, as well as having the potential to prevent the spread of these parasites from contaminated oysters to uninfected oysters.
Here is more under the short name N-Hamalines, being you are a bacteria guy webbstock.
Effect of organic N-halamines on selected membrane functions in intact Staphylococcus aureus cells.
Authors Williams, D E,
Swango, L J,
Wilt, G R,
Worley, S D
Description Two N-halamine compounds, 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone and 1,3-dichloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone, were compared with free chlorine as to their effects on selected membrane functions of intact Staphylococcus aureus cells. Free chlorine was found to cause a loss of permeability control, as measured by the efflux of potassium from the cells and a dramatic increase in hydrogen ion permeability, and to affect cell respiration in a nonreversible fashion, as measured by oxygen uptake. The two N-halamines were found to have very little effect on permeability to either potassium or hydrogen ions but were both found to dramatically inhibit respiration in a reversible manner. It is proposed that the first step in the disinfection process by these N-halamines is an inhibition of respiratory enzymes that, if not reversed, ultimately leads to a loss of cell viability.
Bactericidal activities of selected organic N-halamines.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/ar...gi?artid=204062
The also use this stuff in the textile mills for bacteria
METHOD OF RETAINING ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES ON A BHALAMINE-TREATED TEXTILE SUBSTRATE WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY REDUCING DELETERIOUS ODOR AND SKIN IRRITATION EFFECTS
Abstract: This invention relates to antimicrobial fabrics which are treated with a specific durable and regenerable halamine/chlorine system and methods of removing residual active chlorine from the target textile surface without reducing the antimicrobial activity of the textile. Such methods comprise contacting an amine-treated fabric first with a halogen-based bleach (or other halogenated liquid) to produce halamines at the fabric surface, and subsequently washing the resultant halogenated fabric with a reducing agent which removes the residual, unbonded halogen (such as chlorine) from the fabric surface but does not, surprisingly, remove the halamine halogen. The remaining halamine halogen thus provides the desired antimicrobial activity. As a result, a method of substantially reducing fabric discoloration, odor, and potential skin irritation due to the presence of amounts of residual unbonded halogen (such as chlorine) on the target fabric surface is provided which simultaneously permits sufficient amounts of halamine halogen (such as chloramine chlorine) to remain on the target fabric for optimum microbiocidal propoerties. A fabric treated in accordance with this method is also provided.
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