Generally, I use a small bottle brush and hot water. I then rinse with R/O and let dry. I built a test-tube drying rack which speeds up the drying process. If there is some reason to question the cleanliness of the tubes, I will wash them in a bleach solution, then rinse in a de-chlorinator solution, followed by the fresh water rinse. I have never thought to buy a phosphate-free soap, but I have never had any notably inaccurate test results either.