I dont know that its scientific. LOL Ok Cyano is a bacteria. An infection of cyano is responsible for life on this planet. The very first fossil known is of cyano. It has the ability to fix nitrogen from the air to use as a food source. Its everywhere. Lichen on trees, in the water that drips from your a/c unit. I mean everywhere. It seems like in a aquarium it comes when something is out of balance. Nutrient inport excedes export, light has shifted, flow in a area is low allowing it to get a foot hold. Once its established it is very hard to get rid of. Anti biotics are sometimes reccomened but I think they just select for resistant forms. Increasing flow works good to get rid of it. Replacing the bulbs with quality bulbs sometimes helps. Lowering food input and increasing waste removal with a quality skimmer can help. Blasting the rocks and running a filter sock for a few hour then washing it, then blasting and washing, repeat as neccesary lol can help. Sometimes the sand bed can be to blame. Clams are supposed to help pull the nutrients out helping to prevent reinfestation. These are just thing to try, lowering nitrates is also a great way. It seems like you have to remove at least two sides of the pyramid with this stuff, instead of like fire where you just remove, heat, oxy, or fuel. Again just my opinions. I am not a expert. Steve