SECTION 2: Sexing of Clownfish (Gender Determination)
SEXING OF CLOWNFISH (GENDER DETERMINATION)
Many questions from hobbyists and others interested in purchasing or have purchased clownfishes arise within this topic. These questions range from
- Do I have a male or female clownfish?
- I have a pair, but which one is male and which one is female?
- If my clown is small, is it a juvenile/baby clown?
- and so on....
To better understand the situation, and possibly arise at a precise answer--to whether one clownfish is a male or female, we need to talk about social hierarchy of clownfishes. First, clownfishes lack the X and Y chromosomes that humans have, which trigger/tells the hypothalamus to create the perfect blend of hormones (which then determines our sex). The hypothalamus is just basically located near the base of the human brain. So in humans, this occurs within the body. Since clownfishes lack this ability, they rely on their surroundings--their social environment determines their hormonal mix.
Clownfishes are either one of the possible three: adolescents, males, or females. Clownfishes less than 8-12 months of age are usually adolescents, as they have not developed any social ranking within the group. An adolescent turns to a male when another adolescent clownfish is present along with another adolescent clownfish. This does NOT happen overnight. Two adolescents will bicker and pick fights. One eventually will win and the other will eventually give up. The dominant clown will turn to a male first, which occurs anywhere from 3-6 months. The second clownfish will then turn male, and eventually the dominant clownfish will turn to a female. While this can be confusing, the route the clownfishes go through are:
adolescent--->male--->female
and that route being a 'one-way' street--that is, once a clownfish turns to a male, it cannot become a sexless adolescent. In the same situation, once a clownfish becomes a female, it cannot turn back to a male. This phenomenon is referred to as:
protandrous hermaphroditism.
To clarify things a little more, we can use the analogy of Peter Pan. Adolescents within a social hierarchy of clownfishes will always stay adolescents and do not change to males when there is an adult Female and Male pair within the environment. However, if one or two of the adult pair dies, then one of the adolescents will quickly turn to a male and replace the lost adult clownfish. If the adult female dies, the adult male then changes to a female, while an adolescent changes to a male.
In the next post, we will look at physical differences between males and females.
- Ilham
(post 3)